{"id":1745,"date":"2025-09-01T15:00:12","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T15:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/historical-background-2\/"},"modified":"2025-12-15T08:26:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T08:26:22","slug":"historical-background-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/en\/military-training-area\/historical-background-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical background"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1745\" class=\"elementor elementor-1745 elementor-1176\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f699d04 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f699d04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36ca5d9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36ca5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Ohrdruf military training area - place of the camp, place of responsibility<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dd9acb elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-audio-player\" data-id=\"9dd9acb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-audio-player.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\">\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-audio-player\" data-audio-settings=\"{&quot;features&quot;:[&quot;playpause&quot;,&quot;current&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;],&quot;hideVolumeOnTouchDevices&quot;:true,&quot;audioVolume&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;startVolume&quot;:0.8}\">\n\t\t\t\t<audio class=\"ekit-player\" src=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/audioTruppenUePl.mp3\" preload=\"none\" controls=\"\" poster=\"\" width=\"100%\" hidden=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\tYour browser does not support the audio tag.\t\t\t\t<\/audio>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-hidden-icons\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ekit-audio-play icon icon-play-button\"><\/i><i class=\"ekit-audio-pause icon icon-pause-dark\"><\/i><i class=\"ekit-audio-replay icon icon-play-button\"><\/i><i class=\"ekit-audio-unmute icon icon-volume-high-dark\"><\/i><i class=\"ekit-audio-mute icon icon-volume-mute\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a28041 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a28041\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87cf182 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87cf182\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467b7f3 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"467b7f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, the <strong>Ohrdruf military training area<\/strong> is a place of remembrance of the National Socialist <strong>satellite camp S III<\/strong> &#8211; and at the same time continues to be a military site used by the <strong>Bundeswehr<\/strong>. The choice of this site for an art project in memory of the victims is linked to its profound historical significance. <\/p><p>The site was already used for military purposes during the <strong>First World War<\/strong>. After the dissolution of the prisoner-of-war camps in <strong>1916<\/strong>, it was put to permanent military use. During the National Socialist era, in addition to military facilities, a <strong>military training camp<\/strong> for the <strong>Hitler Youth<\/strong> was also established there.  <\/p><p>In <strong>November 1944<\/strong>, the SS quickly took over the entire area from the Wehrmacht and set up a <strong>subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp<\/strong> &#8211; the so-called <strong>S III subcamp<\/strong>. It consisted of several parts: the former military training camp became the <strong>North Camp<\/strong>, while the converted horse stables in the main camp area became the <strong>South Camp<\/strong>. <\/p><p>The first prisoners arrived on <strong>November 6, 1944<\/strong>. Within a few weeks, their number rose to over <strong>10,000<\/strong>, and by the end of March 1945, around <strong>20,000<\/strong> people were housed in the camps and forced to work &#8211; mainly in tunnel construction in the <strong>Jonastal valley<\/strong>. <\/p><p>The conditions in the camp were catastrophic: a lack of food, bitter cold, unsanitary conditions and brutal violence characterized everyday life. Those who were too weak to work were transferred to a so-called <strong>sick camp<\/strong> &#8211; a former horse stable where people were left to die without medical care. The bodies were piled up in barracks and finally buried in <strong>mass graves<\/strong> on the <strong>Hainberg<\/strong>.  <\/p><p>According to estimates, <strong>at least 6,000<\/strong> prisoners died in the S III camp complex. The exact number remains unclear due to the chaotic camp management. <\/p><p>After the war, Soviet troops initially used the site, later the <strong>NVA<\/strong> took over, and after 1993 finally the <strong>Bundeswehr<\/strong>, which still uses the military training area today. The site remains <strong>a restricted military area<\/strong> and is only accessible as part of <strong>guided tours and commemorative events<\/strong>. <\/p><p>A <strong>memorial on site<\/strong> as well as reconstructed elements &#8211; such as the <strong>floor plan of a barrack<\/strong> &#8211; remind us today of the suffering of the prisoners and the crime that took place here. The site is both a warning and a mission: to make history visible and to preserve the memory of the victims. That is why we erected the first sculpture group of the &#8220;Path of Remembrance&#8221; here.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24fe55c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24fe55c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c007e34 cw elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c007e34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5371-1024x672.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-690\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5371-1024x672.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5371-300x197.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5371-768x504.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5371.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">https:\/\/www.buchenwald.de\/geschichte\/themen\/dossiers\/ohrdruf<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a891a29 cw elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a891a29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5374-1024x688.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-692\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5374-1024x688.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5374-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5374-768x516.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5374.jpeg 1406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">https:\/\/www.buchenwald.de\/geschichte\/themen\/dossiers\/ohrdruf<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5253707 cw elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5253707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5378-1024x677.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-696\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5378-1024x677.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5378-300x198.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5378-768x508.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_5378.jpeg 1416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Moore (U.S. Army Signal Corps) (National Archives Washington)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Ohrdruf military training area &#8211; place of the camp, place of responsibility Your browser does not support the audio tag. Today, the Ohrdruf military training area is a place of remembrance of the National Socialist satellite camp S III &#8211; and at the same time continues to be a military site used by the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1747,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1745","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Historical background - Pfad des Gedenkens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pfad-des-gedenkens.de\/en\/military-training-area\/historical-background-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historical background - Pfad des Gedenkens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Ohrdruf military training area &#8211; place of the camp, place of responsibility Your browser does not support the audio tag. 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